STATE AND LOCAL EXAMS<BR>
<BR>

MIDTERM Chapters 1-8<BR>
__1. The idea that over the next century, the population will become<BR> a majority of non-white people.<BR>
A.	Political culture<BR>
B.	Civil religion<BR>
C.	Browning of America<BR>
D.	Bicameral<BR>
__2. A two house legislature, as an additional check on government power and abuse.<BR>
A.	Political culture<BR>
B.	Civil religion<BR>
C.	Browning of America<BR>
D.	Bicameral<BR>
__3. A set of rituals, ‘sacred’ documents, common holidays, ‘pantheon,’ <BR>practices, and beliefs that bind a society today is sometimes referred as this.<BR>
A.	Political culture<BR>
B.	Civil religion<BR>
C.	Browning of America<BR>
D.	Bicameral<BR>
__4. Common set of norms and mores that are shared by citizens and unite a society<BR>
A.	Political culture<BR>
B.	Civil religion<BR>
C.	Browning of America<BR>
D.	Bicameral<BR>
__5. This 1917 law made Puerto Ricans, among others, US citizens<BR>
A.	Jones Act<BR>
B.	Article V Convention of the States<BR>
C.	Tenth Amendment<BR>
D.	Full faith and credit clause<BR>

__6. Any power not given by the Constitution to the federal government is <BR>reserved to the States or the people.<BR>
A.	Jones Act<BR>
B.	Article V Convention of the States<BR>
C.	Tenth Amendment<BR>
D.	Full faith and credit clause<BR>
__7. Provision in the Constitution that requires states to honor laws of other states.<BR>
A.	Jones Act<BR>
B.	Article V Convention of the States<BR>
C.	Tenth Amendment<BR>
D.      Full faith and credit clause<BR>
__8. Allows for alternative method of amending the Constitution, <BR>currently being pursued to subdue federal power<BR>
A.	Jones Act<BR>
B.	Article V Convention of the States<BR>
C.	Tenth Amendment<BR>
D.	Full faith and credit clause<BR>
__9. British natural rights philosopher who argued that government was <BR>established as a social contract and given powers only to guarantee those rights.<BR>
A.	De Crevoceur<BR>
B.	John Locke<BR>
C.	Montesquieu<BR>
D.	Henry Carey<BR>
__10. Lincoln’s primary economist who contended that the only real way to get <BR>rid of slavery was to advance productivity and raise the value of labor <BR>or labor power of the population to make it uneconomical.<BR>
A.	De Crevoceur<BR>
B.	John Locke<BR>
C.	Montesquieu<BR>
D.	Henry Carey<BR>


__11. His argument for division of powers was the basis for the separation of <BR>powers, checks and balances created by the Constitution<BR>
A.	De Crevoceur<BR>
B.	John Locke<BR>
C.	Montesquieu<BR>
D.	Henry Carey<BR>
__12. Wrote that Americans were a new ‘race’ who considered what you could do, not who your parents were.<BR>
A.	De Crevoceur<BR>
B.	John Locke<BR>
C.	Montesquieu<BR>
D.	Henry Carey<BR>
__13. Concept of dispersing powers between state and national authority with national supremacy<BR>
A.	Limited government<BR>
B.	Tyranny of the majority<BR>
C.	Written constitution<BR>
D.	Federalism<BR>
__14. A basic notion of the American Constitutional order based on fear of governmental excess.<BR>
A.	Limited government<BR>
B.	Tyranny of the majority<BR>
C.	Written constitution<BR>
D.	Federalism<BR>
__15. This was intended to guarantee a limited government on basis that it could only have the powers elaborated to it.<BR>
A.	Limited government<BR>
B.	Tyranny of the majority<BR>
C.	Written constitution<BR>
D.	Federalism<BR>



__16. A major fear of any system of majority rule<BR>
A.	Limited government<BR>
B.	Tyranny of the majority<BR>
C.	Written constitution<BR>
D.	Federalism<BR>
__17. Checks and balances<BR>
A.	Charter of negative liberties<BR>
B.	Positive liberty<BR>
C.	Negative liberty<BR>
D.	Separation of powers<BR>
__18. Among those whose express this complaint that the Constitution limits <BR>what government can do ‘for’ citizens are Obama and Hillary Clinton.<BR>
A.	Charter of negative liberties<BR>
B.	Positive liberty<BR>
C.	Negative liberty<BR>
D.	Separation of powers<BR>
__19. Among others, Isaiah Berlin expressed the view that the Constitution<BR> protects individual rights by limiting what government can do.<BR>
A.	Charter of negative liberties<BR>
B.	Positive liberty<BR>
C.	Negative liberty<BR>
D.	Separation of powers<BR>
__20. Concept that government should act in behave of people but leaves open a path to brutal tyranny<BR>
A.	Charter of negative liberties<BR>
B.	Positive liberty<BR>
C.	Negative liberty<BR>
D.	Separation of powers<BR>
__21. State legislature places a ballot measure to allow voters to decide on a measure as potential law.<BR>
A.	Initiative<BR>
B.	Referendum<BR>
C.	Recall<BR>
D.	Removal power <BR>
__22. Petition drive to allow voters to decide on removing an elected office from office.<BR>
A.	Initiative<BR>
B.	Referendum<BR>
C.	Recall<BR>
D.	Removal power<BR>
__23. Florida, like some states, gives the Governor the power to remove local offices for cause.<BR>
A.	Initiative<BR>
B.	Referendum<BR>
C.	Recall<BR>
D.	Removal power <BR>
__24. Petition drive to put a proposed law on the ballot for voters to decide<BR>
A.	Initiative<BR>
B.	Referendum<BR>
C.	Recall<BR>
D.	Removal power <BR>
__25. Began the process that districts have to be redrawn after each census<BR> to be equal in population, originally referred to as ‘one man, one vote.’<BR>
A.	Lawrence v Texas<BR>
B.	Citizens United v FEC<BR>
C.	Baker v Carr<BR>
D.	Kelo v New London Connecticut<BR>
E.	US v Osceola County<BR>
__26. Overturned a Texas law that had been upheld in the Hardwicke case and <BR>which outlawed certain sexual behavior by adults, and paved the way for same sex marriage.<BR>
A.	Lawrence v Texas<BR>
B.	Citizens United v FEC<BR>
C.	Baker v Carr<BR>
D.	Kelo v New London Connecticut<BR>
E.	US v Osceola County<BR>

__27. Overturned FEC restrictions on businesses contributing to political <BR>campaigns because it was First Amendment free speech<BR>
A.	Lawrence v Texas<BR>
B.	Citizens United v FEC<BR>
C.	Baker v Carr<BR>
D.	Kelo v New London Connecticut<BR>
E.	US v Osceola County<BR>
__28. Argued that at-large voting could be discriminatory against ‘minority’ representation<BR>
A.	Lawrence v Texas<BR>
B.	Citizens United v FEC<BR>
C.	Baker v Carr<BR>
D.	Kelo v New London Connecticut<BR>
E.	US v Osceola County
__29. Expanded the power of government to seize property under the doctrine<BR> of eminent domain if doing so increased the tax base as in public interest.<BR>
A.	Lawrence v Texas<BR>
B.	Citizens United v FEC<BR>
C.	Baker v Carr<BR>
D.	Kelo v New London Connecticut<BR>
E.	US v Osceola County<BR>
__30. Are supposedly inherent in government<BR>
A.	Reserved powers<BR>
B.	Enumerated or delegated powers<BR>
C.	Implied powers<BR>
D.	Removal power<BR>
__31. Those not given per se to federal government are left to the States or the people<BR>
A.	Reserved powers<BR>
B.	Enumerated or delegated powers<BR>
C.	Implied powers<BR>
D.	Removal power<BR>
__32. These are stipulated as expressly given to the Federal government by the Constitution.<BR>
A.	Reserved powers<BR>
B.	Enumerated or delegated powers<BR>
C.	Implied powers<BR>
D.	Removal power<BR>
__33. Also known as necessary and proper clause, it has been used to <BR>tremendously expand the powers of the Federal government<BR>
A.	Ex post facto<BR>
B.	Bills of attainder<BR>
C.	Habeas corpus<BR>
D.	Elastic clause<BR>
__34. Constitutional prohibition on retroactively changing legal consequences of an act<BR>
A.	Ex post facto<BR>
B.	Bills of attainder<BR>
C.	Habeas corpus<BR>
D.	Elastic clause<BR>
__35. Governmental act to punish a citizen without providing them with due process<BR>
A.	Ex post facto<BR>
B.	Bills of attainder<BR>
C.	Habeas corpus<BR>
D.	Elastic clause<BR>
__36. Writ requiring a person held in custody to be brought before a court to<BR> determine legality of their confinement<BR>
A.	Ex post facto<BR>
B.	Bills of attainder<BR>
C.	Habeas corpus<BR>
D.	Elastic clause<BR>



__37. Decision making by bureaucrats on whether an individual or group is in <BR>compliance or violation of regulatory law<BR>
A.	Zero based<BR>
B.	Base line<BR>
C.	Privatization<BR>
D.	Implementation<BR>
E.	Adjudication<BR>
__38. Calculating an agency budget without reference to previous budget<BR>
A.	Zero based<BR>
B.	Base line<BR>
C.	Privatization<BR>
D.	Implementation<BR>
E.	Adjudication<BR>
__39. Second stage of policy process often carried out by unelected bureaucrats<BR>
A.	Zero based<BR>
B.	Base line<BR>
C.	Privatization<BR>
D.	Implementation
E.	Adjudication<BR>
__40. Opening governmental activities to market entities which perform them more economically and efficiently<BR>
A.	Zero based<BR>
B.	Base line<BR>
C.	Privatization<BR>
D.	Implementation<BR>
E.	Adjudication<BR>





__41. Putting together a budget plan build on previous budget<BR>
A.	Zero based<BR>
B.	Base line<BR>
C.	Privatization<BR>
D.	Implementation<BR>
E.	Adjudication<BR>
__42. Concept that an elected official is there to do as the constituency wants them to do.<BR>
A.	Line item veto<BR>
B.	Trustee<BR>
C.	Delegate<BR>
D.	Oversight<BR>
__43. Concept in representation theory that elected officials operate on their<BR> judgment and conscience or expertise and not on the basis of any <BR>perception or expression of constituent interest.<BR>
A.	Line item veto<BR>
B.	Trustee<BR>
C.	Delegate<BR>
D.	oversight<BR>
__44. Third stage of policy process involving legislative review of policy or actions of government<BR>
A.	Line item veto<BR>
B.	Trustee<BR>
C.	Delegate<BR>
D.	oversight<BR>
__45. Some governors have the power to go through legislation or other law <BR>and strike any part with which they take exception<BR>
A.	Line item veto<BR>
B.	Trustee<BR>
C.	Delegate<BR>
D.	oversight<BR>


__46. Actionable civil wrong which can result in damages<BR>
A.	Agenda setting<BR>
B.	Devolution<BR>
C.	Unfunded mandate<BR>
D.	Tort<BR>
__47. Pushing the determination as to how to utilize grant money to the local<BR> level instead of having it run by federal agencies. <BR>
A.	Agenda setting<BR>
B.	Devolution<BR>
C.	Unfunded mandate<BR>
D.	tort<BR>
__48. Theory as to influence on salience of topics and issues in <BR>public mind or legislative or executive consideration.<BR>
A.	Agenda setting<BR>
B.	Devolution<BR>
C.	Unfunded mandate<BR>
D.	Tort<BR>
__49. Federally ordered acts of local government for which no appropriation is forthcoming.<BR>
A.	Agenda setting<BR>
B.	Devolution<BR>
C.	Unfunded mandate<BR>
D.	tort<BR>
__50. Refers to changes in civil law aiming to reduce ability of ‘victims’ to <BR>litigate or reducing prospective damages.<BR>
A.	Fiscal federalism<BR>
B.	Dual federalism<BR>
C.	Cooperative federalism<BR>
D.	Tort reform<BR>




__51. Also known as marble cake theory, it suggests federal intrusion into state and local authority<BR>
A.	Fiscal federalism<BR>
B.	Dual federalism<BR>
C.	Cooperative federalism<BR>
D.	Tort reform<BR>
__52. Concept sometimes termed layer cake, viewing clear lines of demarcation<BR> and checks and balances between federal and state/local government.<BR>
A.	Fiscal federalism<BR>
B.	Dual federalism<BR>
C.	Cooperative federalism<BR>
D.	Tort reform<BR>
__53. Federal expenditures coercing state/local government to perform as directed<BR>
A.	Fiscal federalism<BR>
B.	Dual federalism<BR>
C.	Cooperative federalism<BR>
D.	Tort reform<BR>
__54. Determination of amount of grant revenue based on statistical information<BR> about the entity receiving funding, probably based on census.<BR>
A.	Block grants<BR>
B.	Categorical grants<BR>
C.	Formula grants<BR>
D.	Demographic data<BR>
__55. Method of calculation of amount of a grant under fiscal federalism <BR>devised by experts/statistician, etc.<BR>
A.	Block grants<BR>
B.	Categorical grants<BR>
C.	Formula grants<BR>
D.	Demographic data<BR>



__56. Awarded based on a broad or general use for a wide range of services.<BR>
A.	Block grants<BR>
B.	Categorical grants<BR>
C.	Formula grants<BR>
D.	Demographic data<BR>
__57. Awarded based on set specific use or services.<BR>
A.	Block grants<BR>
B.	Categorical grants<BR>
C.	Formula grants<BR>
D.	Demographic data<BR>
__58. Largely unregulated campaign funds<BR>
A.	Closed primary<BR>
B.	Open primary<BR>
C.	Hard money<BR>
D.	Soft money<BR>
__58. Nominating election limited to members of the party<BR>
A.	Closed primary<BR>
B.	Open primary<BR>
C.	Hard money<BR>
D.	Soft money<BR>
__59. Strictly regulated campaign contributions<BR>
A.	Closed primary<BR>
B.	Open primary<BR>
C.	Hard money<BR>
D.	Soft money<BR>
__60. Nominating election which is not restricted to members of the party<BR>
A.	Closed primary<BR>
B.	Open primary<BR>
C.	Hard money<BR>
D.	Soft money	<BR>
__61. Drawing elected official districts to favor a party or group<BR>
A.	Reapportionment<BR>
B.	Redistricting<BR>
C.	Gerrymandering<BR>
D.	Majority minority districts<BR>
__62. Determination as to how many of the 435 members of Congress each state<BR> is entitled to based on its population in the previous census<BR>
A.	Reapportionment<BR>
B.	Redistricting<BR>
C.	Gerrymandering<BR>
D.	Majority minority districts<BR>
__63. All elective districts must be restructured after each census based on <BR>rules such as equal population.<BR>
A.	Reapportionment<BR>
B.	Redistricting<BR>
C.	Gerrymandering<BR>
D.	Majority minority districts<BR>
__64. Electoral mandate requiring that the population of a district be of an ethnic majority<BR>
A.	Reapportionment<BR>
B.	Redistricting<BR>
C.	Gerrymandering<BR>
D.	Majority minority districts<BR>
__65. Philosophy in law that judges should be able to make law<BR>
A.	Judicial restraint<BR>
B.	Judicial activism<BR>
C.	Zero sum game<BR>
D.	527s<BR>



__66. Concept that if there is a winner, there must be a loser, which becomes <BR>problematic in economics where no transaction takes place unless there is<BR> governmental coercion unless all parties perceive they have gained from it.<BR>
A.	Judicial restraint<BR>
B.	Judicial activism<BR>
C.	Zero sum game<BR>
D.	527s<BR>
__67. Organizations that are tax exempt under IRS code which raise money to influence political campaigns.<BR>
A.	Judicial restraint<BR>
B.	Judicial activism<BR>
C.	Zero sum game<BR>
D.	527s<BR>
__68. Theory in law that judges should limit themselves to interpretation of law not the creation of it<BR>
A.	Judicial restraint<BR>
B.	Judicial activism<BR>
C.	Zero sum game<BR>
D.	527s<BR>
__69. Policymaking relationship among legislative subcommittees, bureaucrats, and interest groups<BR>
A.	Sunset laws<BR>
B.	Iron triangles<BR>
C.	Rational voting<BR>
D.	Tribe<BR>
__70. Automatically terminates a rule, law, agency or function on a certain date unless it renewed<BR>
A.	Sunset laws<BR>
B.	Iron triangles<BR>
C.	Rational voting<BR>
D.	Tribe<BR>


__71. Concept that people act or vote based on their perception of what is in<BR> their interest, or at least to the extent of their knowledge. <BR>
A.	Sunset laws<BR>
B.	Iron triangles<BR>
C.	Rational voting<BR>
D.	Tribe<BR>
__72. Legal scholar and law school professor, of the Clintons and Obama,<BR> who advocated judicial activism and held the Constitution to be a ‘living’ document<BR> that should be changed by interpretation (but then government is not limited).<BR>
A.	Sunset laws<BR>
B.	Iron triangles<BR>
C.	Rational voting<BR>
D.	Tribe<BR>

<BR>
65—72 A<BR>
57—64 B<BR>
49—56 C<BR>
41—48 D<BR>


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